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capital city(全是干货:雄安新区相关的词汇都在这儿了)

时间:2022-08-12 04:44:52     人气:261     来源:www.zhongshaninfo.com     作者:爱发信息
概述:......

2017年4月1日,中共中央、国务院印发通知,我国将设立对标深圳经济特区和上海浦东新区的河北雄安新区(Xiongan New Area),作为又一经济引擎,推动京津冀协同发展。设立雄安新区是以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出的一项重大的历史性战略选择(the establishment of the Xiongan New Area is a major historic and strategic choice made by the Communist Party of China Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core),是国家大事(be of national significance)、千年大计(a strategy crucial for the millennium to come)。


雄安新区鸟瞰图(图片来源:新华社)

雄安新区位于北京市西南100公里处,位于京津冀地区核心腹地,由河北省保定市所辖雄县、容城、安新3县组成,区位优势明显(incomparable geographical advantages)、交通便捷、生态环境优良、资源丰富(immense resources),发展空间充裕(plenty

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of room for development)。设立雄安新区将有助于疏解北京非首都功能( non-essential capital city functions)、探索人口密集地区优化开发新模式(explore a new model of optimal development in densely populated areas)以及调整京津冀城市布局(restructure urban layout in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)。雄安新区起步区面积约100平方公里,中期发展区面积约200平方公里,远期控制区面积约2000平方公里。

2019年1月2日,中国政府网公布

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《国务院关于河北雄安新区总体规划(2018—2035年)的批复》。批复指出,经中共中央、国务院同意,原则同意《河北雄安新区总体规划(2018—2035年)》。

2020年1月,经党中央同意,国务院批复《河北雄安新区起步区控制性规划》和《河北雄安新区启动区控制性详细规划》,标志着雄安新区规划建设进入新阶段。

我们从雄安新区各类规划的内容中为大家整理出政策、布局、特色风貌、生态环境、创新发展以及公共服务等多个方面的相关词汇。有不足和不妥当之处,欢迎大家指正。

【政策】

雄安新区:Xiongan New Area

起步区:Initial Development Zone

启动区:“Boot” Pilot Area

控制性规划:Master Plan

承接非首都功能疏解:Transfer of non-essential capital city functions

千年大计,国家大事:a millennium plan and a great national event

雄安质量:“Xiongan Quality”

主城区:downtown area

坚持首要定位:hold primary position

capital

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想:Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

坚持绿色优先:prioritize green development

以人民为中

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心:put people first

蓝绿交织,清新明亮,水城共融, 人与自然和谐共:Human and nature coexist harmoniously in the lake city featuring blue sky and verdant fields

【承接】

空间弹性:flexibility of space

承接存量,吸引增量:taking on non-essential capital city functions from Beijing and attracting more projects to settle

高起点规划,高标准建设,高质量发展:plans with high starting point, construction of high standards and development of high quality

政府主导,市场运作:government-led and market-oriented operation

分类分步,有序承接:make the transfer in an orderly and category-by-category manner

公共服务设施配套:supporting facilities for public service

中西合璧,以中为主,古今交融:combining Chinese and Western elements, with the Chinese as the core, while integrating ancient and modern styles

【城市布局】

城市组团:city clusters

事业单位:public institutions

北城,中苑,南淀:north city group, central city-lake transitional space

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and south lake area

城淀共生共融:integration and co-existence of city and lake

生态绿廊:ecological green corridor

五片,三带,多中心:Five City Clusters, Three Belts and Multi-Centers

产城融合:integration of industry and city

职住均衡:balance between work and housing

功能发展带:functional development belt

功能节点:functional node

15分钟生活圈:15-minute radius community life circle

东西轴线:east-west axis

相对集中,适度分散:relatively centralized, moderately distributed

五位一体总体布局:“five-in-one” general layout

京雄城际站点:Beijing-Xiongan intercity train station

外围生态用地:ecological land in outer surrounding area

绿廊:green corridor

宜望淀,慎邻淀,禁入淀:keeping a distance away from the lake area, being cautious about building close to the lake area and forbidding construction in the lake area

大溵古淀:Da Yin Ancient Lake

控制线:regulatory line

规划单元:planning unit

第五立面:the fifth fa?ade

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划管控:plan control

“创新岛”: “innovation island”

滨水景观:waterfront landscape

传统营城理念:traditional urban planning concept

“金融岛”: “financial island”

南阳遗址公园:Nanyang historic site park

【特色风貌】

一方城,两轴线,五组团,十景苑,百花田,千年林,万顷波:one city, two axes, five city clusters, ten scenic gardens, fields of flowers, thousand-year forests and boundless waves

南北轴线:north-south axis

河岸空间:waterfront area

临淀空间:lakeside area

堤堰空间:dike area

临淀慢行系统: lakeside traffic calming system

城市天际线:urban skyline

绿带:green belt

城市界面管控:urban interface control

城淀空间界面:city-lake interface

城林空间界面:city-forest interface

街道空间界面:street interface

建筑群:architecture clusters

建筑屋顶平坡结合:roofs of urban buildings in a combination of flat and pitched styles

夜景照明:nightscape illumination

建筑泛光:building illumination

过度亮化:over illumination

城市光污染:urban light pollution

【生态环境】

一环,一心,两轴, 多廊,绿网: one belt, one center, two axes,multiple corridors and green network

绿化带:forest belt

生态斑块:ecological site

生态绿心:ecological green center

特色景观节点:landscape node with distinct features

两主六次:two main ecological corridors and six minor ecological corridors

海绵城市:sponge city

城市生态绿网:urban ecological green network

城市绿地公园:urban green land parks

综合公园:comprehensive parks

社区公园:community parks

专类公园:theme parks

遗址公园:historic site parks

生态公园:ecological parks

带状公园:linear parks

无障碍设计:barrier-free design

郊野公园:countryside parks

常绿落叶混交林:mixed forest of evergreen and deciduous plants

林荫化率:forest shade coverage rate

一核,两带,两片,四点:one core, two belts, two zones and four nodes

生态单元:ecological unit

草地斑块:grass patch area

岸际植物:shore plants

季节性湿生草甸:seasonal wet meadow

水生湿生植物:the hydrophytes and phreatophytes

【城市水系统】

以水定城,以水定人:setting up urban development and human activities based on the local water system and conditions

防洪排涝:flood prevention and drainage

上蓄,中疏,下排,适滞:storing water upstream, dredging water in the central area and draining water downstream with overall moderate retention of water

分洪闸:flood diversion sluice

流域:drainage basin

蓄,疏,固,垫,架:water storage, water dredging, dike strengthening, protection pad and frame alongside dike

生态堤防:ecological dike

排水防涝系统:water drainage and waterlogging prevention system

地表径流:direct runoff

北截,中疏,南蓄,适排:cutting off water in the north, dredging water in the central area, storing water in the south and moderately draining water

南水北调中线供应:Central Route of the South-North Water Transfer Project

雄安干渠和调蓄水库:main canal and storage reservoir of Xiongan New Area

森林斑块:forest site

雨水调蓄湿地:rainwater-regulated wetland

汛期:flood season

蓝绿空间:blue-green space

年径流量:annual total runoff

缓冲带:buffer zone

雨水花园:rainwater garden

下沉式绿地:sunken green land

透水铺装:permeable pavement

一环护城,双带净化,多源活水,多水润城:one round-the-city water system, two belts for purification and multi-sources of running water to moisten and nourish the city

排涝竖向:vertical flood drainage system

【创新发展】

科教融合,产教融合:science and education integration, industry and education integration

知识溢出效应:knowledge spillover effect

产业集群:industrial cluster

战略性新兴产业:strategic new industry

外围组团:peripheral city clusters

特色小镇:signature town

适当留白:reserve space

【公共服务】

优质共享均好的公共服务:high-quality, shared and evenly sound public service

全龄友好: all-age friendly

租售并举的多元化住房体系:diversified housing supply system accessible for both renting and purchasing

分级配置,混合兼容:allocation at different levels and mixture with compatibility

医养结合:integration of medical treatment and elderly support

邻里中心:residential center

街坊中心:neighborhood center

贯通式基础教育:“through-type” fundamental education

集团化办学:school operation in the style of group management

服务半径:radius of service range

双一流:“double first-class” initiative

全民健身体系:nationwide fitness system

品牌体育赛事:brand-sponsored sports event

竞赛表演:sports competition and performance

群众体育:mass participation sports

竞技体育:competitive sports

医疗,医保,医药三医联动:integration of medical treatment, medical insurance and medicines supply

分层覆盖:multi-level coverage

应急救治中心:emergency treatment center

中心血站:central blood facility

分级诊疗体系:hierarchical diagnosis system

15分钟基层医疗服务圈:15-minute radius local medical service coverage

家庭医师制度:primary care system

长期护理:long-term care

日间照料:same day care

公共租赁房:public rental houses

共有产权房:houses with joint property rights

投机炒房:speculative investment in houses

公交廊道:public transport corridor

市场租赁房:commercial rental houses

轨道站点:railway station

【交通体系】

绿色交通:green traffic

尺度宜人的城市街道:urban roads in properly and moderately designed size

城市交通微循环:micro-circulation of urban traffic

小街区,密路网的路网体系:dense road network system with small building blocks

单元集散道路:unit distribution roads

城市快速路:urban expressway

高速区段:section of highway

连接线:connecting roads

道路下穿:road underpass

四横十二纵:four horizontal roads and twelve vertical roads

中短距离机动化出行:mid-and short-distance motorized commute

交通稳静化区:traffic calming area

差异性路网形态和智能化交通组织:differentiated road network and intelligent transportation

级配合理,尺度宜人:reasonable grading and proper size and scale

干路网交叉:main road intersections

交通流:traffic flow

绿波:“green wave”

立体交互方式:three-dimensional interactive mode

泛在感知数据:ubiquitous sensor data

路网多层级协同控制:multi-level coordinated road network control

公共交通专用车道:public transport exclusive lanes

站城一体开发:joint development of railway stations and city

干支衔接,快普融合:close connection between main railway lines and branch lines and full integration of rapid and slow railway lines

过轨跨线运营:crossing railways and lines

一主多支:one major railway line and multiple branches

需求响应式公交:demand-response public transport

快线:fast traffic lines

干线:main traffic lines

公交接驳换乘:bus transfer

共享交通车辆专用路:exclusive road for shared transportation

客流走廊:passenger flow corridor

个人碳汇:individual carbon sink

碳排放配额管理机制:carbon emission quota management mechanism

绿色出行积分账户:green commuter bonus point account

车路协同:Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS)

智能网联:intelligent connection network

自动存取车辆:automatic motor vehicle parking and pick up

车位预定:reserving motor vehicle parking space

无感支付:convenient automated payment

车路协同信控: signal control for vehicles-roads coordination

区域诱导联控:regional guidance and joint control

交叉口可变导向:reversible lanes in intersections

路段潮汐通行: rush-hour commute

区域单向循环:regional one-way circulation

交通云控:transport cloud control

智能调度公交:public transport intelligent dispatch

【基础设施】

综合管廊:integrated underground utility piping network

终端能源消费结构:end-use energy consumption structure

绿色能源输配网络:green energy transmission and distribution network

分布式可再生能源:distributed renewable energy

分布式光伏:distributed photovoltaic

充电桩:charging pile

分散储能设施:decentralized facilities for energy storage

邮政设施:postal facilities

光纤网络:optical network

无废城市:zero-waste city

减量化,资源化,无害化:reduction, recycling and harmless disposal of waste

垃圾分类收运:classified collection and transportation of waste

原生垃圾:raw refuse

垃圾干湿分离:separation of wet and dry waste

邻利效应:mutual benefit effect

大件垃圾破碎分拣转运:shredding, sorting and transfer of bulk waste

再生资源分拣打包集散:sorting, packaging, collection and distribution of renewable resources

融雪剂搅拌站:grit snow melt station

环卫停车场:environmental sanitation parking lots

数字综合管廊:digitally integrated utility tunnel

采光设施:facilities for daylighting

自然采光:natural daylighting

综合行政审批体系:comprehensive governmental review and approval system

智能信息杆柱:intelligent information pole

移动物联网:mobile IoT

增强型移动物联网:enhanced mobile IoT

广域网络:wide area network (WAN)

智能响应:intelligent response

全方位人车路感知终端:all-round driver-vehicle-road sensing terminal

【安保体系】

总体国家安全观:holistic view of national security

防抗救相结合:combining prevention, mitigation and relief

常态减灾,非常态救灾:disaster mitigation as daily routine and disaster relief as emergency response

抢险救援:emergency rescue and disaster relief

城市安全监测预警系统: urban security warning and monitoring system

防灾减灾:disaster prevention and mitigation

过境危险品运输车辆:transit vehicles delivering hazardous goods

安全生产责任制:responsibility system for safe production

城市重大危险源台账:record of major urban sources of dangers and risks

防空防灾一体化:integration of air defense and disaster prevention

应急指挥救援系统:command and rescue emergency response system

城市安全技术研究院:urban security technological research institute

应急物资储备库:storage pool for emergency supplies

综合性消防救援队伍:firefighting team

街面警务工作站:police stations on streets

综合检查站:integrated inspection stations

次生灾害:secondary disaster

测震台:earthquake observation station

减隔震技术:seismic mitigation and isolation technologies

抗震减灾:earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation

防火隔离带:firebreak

多级综合消防救援通道:fire control and rescue system

空中救援:air rescue

消防直升机起降点:firefighting helicopter pads

【保障实施】

京津冀协同发展领导小组:Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development leading group

廉洁雄安:Xiongan clean governance

从严治党:strengthening Party self-discipline

党风廉政:good Party conduct and clean governance

廉政治理体系:clean governance mechanism

正风肃纪:to tighten discipline and improve Party conduct

秉公用权,干净干事:exercise power impartially and work with clean conduct.

控制性详细规划:controlled detailed plan

社会参与机制:social participation

生态保护红线:ecological protection red line

永久基本农田:permanent farmland

城镇开发边界:urban development boundary

耕地保有量:minimum reserved cultivated land

耕地占补平衡:balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation

产业准入负面清单管理:negative list management for industry access

积分落户制度:points-based hukou (household registration) system

Contributed by Wen Ying, Andrew McEwen

温颖 马普安

(编辑:马文英)

来源:中国日报网

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  • 下面就海报的用字说说本人的一些小推荐和浅陋的看法,特别推荐的会附图详细说说,其他选择就直接给出推荐程度排行,另外考虑到汉字字体的西文部分设计水平普遍不高(无论是华人圈子还是日本圈子,有大师加持的 AXIS Font 和 Adobe 的一系列字体等除外),也给出相应的西文字体搭配。

    下面的方正和汉仪两家字体厂商都在淘宝上开了官方字体店,专供家庭用字,制作海报前最好去那儿买一下授权,不贵,一套就几块钱,算是支持国内字体设计行业发展;而对于学生来说,国外公司的西文字体产品还没有购买渠道,因此请将这些字体用作非盈利用途。商用请联系企业授权渠道。

    方正字库淘宝店

    http://fangzhengziku.taobao.com/

    汉仪字库淘宝店

    http://shop111162234.taobao.com/

    (不仅限于「可爱」风格的字体,但凡有「亲和力」的字体都会介绍一些,希望对题主现在和以后「视觉传达」的方向有小小的帮助)

    纤雅活泼型的黑体(标题用):方正正黑系列 + ITC Luna


    这是比较接近女性需求的字体搭配,活泼不失端庄。

    方正正黑系列是方正自家的招牌字体之一,突出了笔画的粗细变化,显得优雅,只是当前这款字体有被滥用的趋势,看多了可能有视觉疲劳。但是只要好好利用一样可以做出新意。

    千万不要用方正正黑自带的西文部分和数字部分,这个纯粹是没有西文书法知识的设计师用来造 (Bao) 福 (Fu) 社会的。如果要搭配西文的话,个人推荐 ITC Luna,同样优雅而变化丰富的字款,而且系日本乃至世界著名西文字体设计师小林章的旧作,也符合亚洲人的审美观。

    如果这样的字体老师依然称「低端」的话,给他看两样东西:

    Calibri

    《新闻联播》的用字

    《纽约客》( New Yorker ) 杂志的标题

    这里挑选的字重是 方正正纤黑 + ITC Luna Regular

    其他西文搭配:Ocean Sans (SemiExtended) > ITC Stone Sans > Gill Sans

    现代感和简洁感黑体(标题用):汉仪旗黑 + Avenir Next


    只要强调清澈明亮,这两款字体的搭配都可谓万用,用于大版面时则极有「小清新」的风格,圆滑的字形用在「可爱活泼」的版面中也无违和感。

    汉仪旗黑是汉仪联合微软雅黑的设计者齐立老师开发的一套现代黑体,有丰富的字重粗细变化字款(从超细的 25 到特粗的 105 都有)。

    Avenir Next 则是西文字体巨匠 Adrian Frutiger 的自选代表作,是他毕生心血的凝结,上世纪80年代 Avenir 设计出来时却几乎无人问津,直到近年来才突然得到爆发式的使用,也许这款以未来(Avenir)命名的字体超前于它所诞生的时代吧。

    Avenir 的圆润也逐渐被亚洲人所喜爱。近年日本一些动画的宣传用了 Avenir (记不起是哪些了),日本航空也选用其做了 VI 字体。

    用字是 汉仪旗黑 25 + Avenir Next Ultralight

    其他中文选择:方正兰亭纤黑 > 方正幼线

    其他西文搭配:Helvetica Neue Ultra Light > Futura Light

    力量型的黑体(标题用):方正韵动黑 + Gotham


    这是男性对于「动感」和「力量」的理解,面向男生做海报时可以试试这个。

    韵动黑的撇捺点的起笔部分带有小「尖刺」,作用是刺激视觉,同时给人以一种脱离了死板的传统黑体的「新鲜」感,这是方正的字体总监朱志伟等人的作品。

    Gotham 则是近年来美国比较流行的字款,但在中国尚未广泛普及,带有一种原始的动感和无言的可信度,是给人亲和力的字体,这两者搭配应该不错。

    老师问起 Gotham 来的话(视觉传达系的老师应该不会不知道这么著名的字体),就说这是奥巴马的竞选字体就行了。

    其他中文选择:蒙纳超刚黑 > 方正兰亭特黑 > 方正综艺 > 方正汉真广标

    其他西文搭配:Helvetica Neue Bold > Franklin Gothic > Impact

    古典骨骼的创新(标题用):文悦古体仿宋 + Palatino Nova Titling


    具体介绍见我的这个答案

    哪种字体最适合快速阅读? - 阿卡林的回答

    http://www.zhihu.com/question/28541284/answer/41229062?group_id=560085095709601792

    不过鉴于之前康熙字典体的滥用乱象,请将这套字体使用范围限定于「古典」或「传统」题材的作品,并限于黑白两色使用。

    可爱易读的圆体(正文用):方正兰亭圆体 + Calibri


    圆体是讨人眼球喜欢的字体,如果抛弃少女字体的话用圆体是不错的选择,可惜圆体用作标题很泛滥,并且也不稳重。

    现在方正字库新上市的这款重新设计的兰亭圆体让圆体作为正文字体成为了可能,不仅保持了可读性,还有焕然一新的效果。个人特别建议以圆体取代黑体这样有益的尝试。

    不必担心圆体没有西文小伙伴,Office 自带的 Calibri 就是个多面小能手,不仅生来易读,而且 Opentype 特性丰富,可以满足不同情

    http://www.jsyunjun.com/file/upload/tt1999/999.jpg

    况下的需求。

    不过需要注意的是 Calibri 字高比兰亭圆小不少,所以使用的时候可以适当调大字号,这里用的是30 号兰亭圆配 34 号 Calibri。

    用字是:方正兰亭圆_细 + Calibri

    其他西文搭配:Avenir Next Rounded 等(西文字体也有不少圆体)

    以下是没有特定的中文适配的女性化的西文字体一览:


    FF Meta

    埃里克·斯皮克曼(Erik Speikermann)上世纪末为一家杂志设计的字体,后来可能因为字形太过「古怪」被甲方驳回,作者只好自掏腰包开公司把字体做完,结果因为其可爱活泼的字形广受欢迎,火狐浏览器 Logo 的西文字体就是免费版的 FF Meta。


    Syntax

    去年以95岁高龄去世的书法家汉斯·爱德华·迈尔(Hans Eduard Meier)在上个世纪70年代设计出来的这款字体名噪一时,在当时掀起了「人文主义」、「女性化」设计的风潮。这套字体整体有细微的向右倾斜,看起来非常柔和而讨人喜欢。特别要说说这个设计师,老而弥坚,在 00 年的时候亲自主持了这套字体的活字数字化工作,操作鼠标制作了这套数字字体。

    总结:「高端」字体一定没有表情吗?我觉得这倒未必。比如上面介绍的这些字体,除了其设计的功能性以外,设计师多多少少会融入一些自己的情感,来使字体使用者和读者感到设计者的「关怀」。高端并不意味着死板、冷

    http://www.jsyunjun.com/file/upload/tt1999/999.jpg

    酷,就像 Meta 字体一样,可以非常调皮好玩;又如带有浓重的功能性的 Bell Centennial (贝尔公司的电话簿字体),为了防止油墨溅出把所有笔画的交叉点都切开,反倒因为字形滑稽被用在了喜剧和笑话集的标题。

    而在中国,这种对字体「情感」的理解走向了两个极端:

    一方面,一些字体设计师受商业化的蛊惑设计出一大批只强调「可爱」的「字迹字体」(与书法家合作的不算),而对于单字与单字之间的整体配合和在与字体之外的设计搭配没有过多考量(对于正文来说,可读性非常重要,或许作为标题字体只要有爱就没问题了),而使用者也被这样的风潮普及到了平面设计,把少女体、喵呜体用在了正文而非标题,祸害了无数人的双眼,而这其中相当部分的人还全然不知用之乐之。所以我们可以看到,知乎上有一大堆求字体的问题,都是在求一些看似「愉悦双眼」实则既无排版上的整体考量,又实在不禁看的字体;而寻求「功能性」字体的问题,答案中往往充斥着各种自以为「个人觉得好看」就可以万用的字体,不仅答不对题,还误导了字体使用者,助长了字体设计界的不正之风。

    另一方面,一批设计师强调绝对的「功能性」,认为所有的字体都必须不露声色地给用户传达有用信息,拘泥于这个字体「实不实用」的争辩,这样使用者能够用到的表达感情的「有质量的」字体少之又少。就算有了好的字体,许多使用者连这些字体的功能都搞不清楚,更别提感情了,就闹出了把强调硬朗的超刚黑用在了稚气未脱的本科生毕设展海报上的笑话,加之丑陋的配色和滑稽的排印水平,这个设计师真是丢了某校美院的脸。

    作为使用者,我们在选用这些字体时除了对笔画粗细的简单考量,还要思考他们所带来的情感和功能性,还要在排印方面下心思。将上述几点综合考虑,这样才能准确而清晰地表达自己想传达的想法。

    (3月18日更新)真没想到这个回答引起那么多知友的共鸣,这个答案的本意只是帮助题主选择一款非「俗」的海报字体而已。但是能过蒙知友们的赞赏,我对中国字体设计和排印未来的信心便又多了一份。

    在 Windows 系统自带宋体、黑体仍然是许多人无法离开的字体,手写体、「肥圆」字体充斥着主流视界,一款不错的特色字体被不分功能不分格调地滥用至俗的今天,倘若有人能从这异常的狂潮中退出来,仔细思考并选用真正适合自己想表达主题的中文字体,甚至能选配适合的西文字体,而不在乎其是否「主流」,那么中文字体排印环境的改善就有希望。TIB ( Type is Beautiful ) 组织在做这件事,知乎上许瀚文先生、梁海先生等人都在倡导这件事,但我觉得这还需要大家一起来普及这件事才能补足这火候。而这个回答愿意做起始的微渺星火。

    我个人只是一个学生,并不是字体设计或排印的从业者,但从各个方面对这些行业的现状和难处略知一二,并且希望通过自己绵薄之力对这个行业的振兴有所帮助。也希望各位对这个行业有所关注,支持这个行业健康发展,或许大家的努力可以让我们的眼睛少一些不必要的污染,让我们的所见变得更美好。





  • C部分词汇

    1. call

    v. (给……)打电话;称呼;叫;

    n. 电话;呼叫

    用法小结→关联词组:

    ①动词短语:

    call for要求,需要;提倡;

    call off=cancel取消;

    call back回电;叫回,收回;

    call up打电话;召集;征召(入伍)

    call on/upon呼吁,号召;拜访

    ②名词短语:

    make a (telephone) call打电话;

    give sb. a call给某人打电话

    中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,词汇运用)Lydia runs and picks up rubbish along the way. What shedoes is called "plogging", an activity combining collectingrubbish with running

    2. cancel v. 取消,撤销

    用法小结→关联词组:

    cancel button取消按钮

    词形变化:过去式canceled或cancelled,

    过去分词canceled或cancelled,

    过去分词canceling或cancelling

    近义词:call off

    易混单词:cancer n.癌症

    中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,词汇运用)

    37.-The plan for summer study trip may be ______________ (cancel).

    -Really? I'm looking forward to it.

    3. capital

    n. 首都,省会;资本;大写字母;

    adj. 首都的,省会的;资本的;大写的

    用法小结→关联词组:

    capital city省会城市;

    capital letter大写字母

    易混单词:captain n.船长,队长;(海军)上校

    中考例句:(2019年,山东卷,单项填空)

    16. Berlin is _________capital of Germany.

    Ahttp://www.shandonghsjx.com/news/ B. a C. the

    4.careful adj. 小心的,谨慎的;仔细的

    用法小结:

    ①Becareful! 用作祈使句,意思是“小心!”,表示提醒

    ②becareful of (about)…表示“当心,留意”

    ③becareful with表示做某事很小心或仔细

    词性转换:

    carefully adv.小心地,仔细地;

    carefulness n.小心,仔细;

    care v.在乎;关心

    反义词:careless

    adj.粗心大意的;漫不经心的

    中考例句:(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)

    The host usually makes full ____14____ bycarefully tidying up thehouse and _____15_____ a lot of delicious dishes.

    14 A. plans B. decisions

    C.preparations

    15. A. enjoying B. cooking

    C. washing

    5. catch v.&n. 赶上;抓住,捕捉

    词形变化:过去式caught,过去分词caught

    关联词组:

    catch up (with)赶上,追上;

    catch a cold感冒了;

    catch fire着火;

    catch one’s breath喘气

    中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)

    6.“Put on your coat, youwill catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me.

    A.and B. but C. or D. so

    6. cause v. 引起,导致

    用法小结→关联词组:

    cause trouble惹麻烦

    用法:cause sbhttp://www.shandonghsjx.com/news/sth. to do sth.

    使得……做某事;

    常用语被动语态:

    sth. is caused by…

    http://www.jsyunjun.com/file/upload/tt1999/999.jpg

    某事是由……引起的

    中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,动词应用)The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 people on the bus.

    7. celebrate v. 庆祝

    用法小结→关联词组:

    celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节

    词性转换:celebration n.庆祝,庆典

    中考例句:(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)

    38. I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in ___________ (八月) .

    8. centre n. 中心,中央

    美式拼写: center

    用法小结→关联词组:

    shopping centre购物中心;

    in the centre of…处于……的中心

    词性转换:central adj.中心的,中枢的

    中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)

    30.How can we do trampolining safely?

    A.Buy an expensive trampoline.

    B.Jump in the centerof a trampoline.

    C.Choose a trampoline without a net.

    D.Lose weight before

    http://www.jsyunjun.com/file/upload/tt1999/999.jpg

    startingtrampolining.

    9. century n. 世纪,百年

    用法小结:一般放在序数词的后面,表示第几个世纪,如二十一世纪:the 21stcentury

    中考例句:(2019年,浙江卷,阅读C)

    The radio telescope thusappeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century.

    10. certain adj. 确定的,无疑的,一定会

    用法小结:

    关联词组:to a certain degree/extent

    一定程度上;

    for certain肯定,确定,无疑

    用法:be certain that确定,肯定;

    be certain of/about sth.肯定(确信)某事;

    be certain to do sth.一定/确定做某事;

    be certain of doing sth.有把握做某事

    词性转换:certainly adv.当然

    certainty n.确定性;确实的事

    同义词:sure adj.一定的,确信的

    中考例句:(2019年,北京卷,阅读C)

    To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing.

    11. chance

    n. 机会;可能性

    用法小结:

    关联词组:

    by chance=by accident偶然;

    byany chance万一;

    take one’s chance碰运气;

    give sb. a chance给某人一次机会;

    the chances are that…可能……

    中考例句:(2019年,北京卷,完形)

    Since I was ___15___prepared, I felt that mychances of winning were strong.

    15.A. fully B. quickly

    C. freshly D. physically

    12. choose v. 选择

    用法小结:

    词形变化:过去式chose,过去分词chosen

    关联词组:

    choose from挑选,从……中选择;

    choose between A and B在A和B中做出选择;

    choose to do sth.选择做某事

    词性转换:

    choice n.选择:

    make a choice做出选择;

    have no choice别无选择

    中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,短文填空)

    For the first fewmonths I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much __16__ food.

    16. A. fresh B.local

    C.Chinese D. frozen

    13. collect

    v. 收集,聚集

    用法小结:

    关联词组:

    collect information收集信息;

    collect stamps集邮

    词性转换:

    collection n.收集,采集;收藏品:

    a collection of(收藏的)一些,一批

    中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)

    What she does is called"plogging", an activity combining collecting rubbish with running.

    14. comfortable

    adj. 令人 舒适的;感到舒服的

    关联词组:

    make oneself comfortable 别拘束,别客气;

    feel comfortable 感到舒服

    词性转换:comfortably adv.舒适地;

    comfort n.舒适;安慰;

    v.安慰,使(痛苦)缓和

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,完形填空)

    Remember that usually Chinese people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives ____11____. To show the respect, it maybe ____12____ to explain what the giftis.

    11. A. it B. them C.that

    12. A. necessary B. careful

    C.comfortable

    15. communicate

    v. 沟通,交流;交际;传

    用法小结:

    关联词组:communicate with与……交流;

    communicate in (English)用(英语)交流

    词性转换:communication n.交流;通信,通讯:

    international communication国际交流

    中考例句:(2019,北京卷,阅读D)

    33. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?

    A.To question about the standards of information storage.

    B.To discuss our problems ofcommunicationwith machines.

    C.To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.

    D.To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.

    16. compare

    v. 比较,对比

    ①compare Awith B“比较A和B”,侧重二者的区别

    ②compare Ato B“把A比作B”,侧重比喻,比拟,指出二者的相似关系

    ③compared with/to+名词,“与……相比”,通常放在句首或句子中间,充当状语成分。例如:

    Comparedwith cars, bikes are more environmental.

    与轿车相比,自行车更加环保。

    词性转换:comparison n.比较,对比:

    make a comparison (between A and B)

    (在A和B之间)做比较;

    by comparison比较起来;

    incomparison with…同……比较起来

    中考例句:(2019,北京卷,完形)

    My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t ___14___ but to show my class why I wanted to be president.

    14.A. compare B. remember

    C. manage D. repeat

    17. competition

    n. 竞争,比赛

    用法小结:

    关联词组:sports competition运动竞赛;

    fair/unfair competition公平/不公平竞争;

    incompetition with同……竞争

    词性转换:

    compete v.竞争,比赛;

    competitor n.竞争者,对手;

    competitive adj.有竞争力的

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

    6.The English Speech Competition the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.

    A.checked out B. tried out

    C. left out D. brought out

    18. complete v. 完成,结束; adj. 完成的,完整的

    作动词:The work should be completed in one year.

    这项工作应该在一年内完成。

    作形容词:

    This is a complete story.

    这是一个完整的故事。

    词性转换:

    completion n.完成,结束;

    completed adj.完成的;

    completely=totally adv.完全地,彻底地

    反义词:incomplete adj.不完全的,不完整的

    中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)

    -Keep quiet! I need complete_______when I'm working.

    -Sorry, dad. I won't make any noise again.

    A. trust B. silence

    C. control D.strength

    19. condition

    n. 条件,状况

    用法小结:

    关联词组:

    in good/bad condition情况良好/糟糕;

    on condition that…在(某事发生)的条件下

    用法:当用来表示“天气”、“(居住、工作或做事情的)环境,境况”时,通常使用复数conditions。如:

    The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions.

    这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。

    中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)

    Carl made friends with the correspondents, and got Millet's condition reported to England and all over the continent, and America, and everywhere.

    20. connect

    v. 连接,把……联系起来

    用法小结:

    ①connect A with B表示“把A和B联系起来(或连接在一起)”,A和B之间不分主次;

    ②connect A to B表示“把A连接到B上”,通常以A为主,以B为辅;

    ③通常可用and代替介词with或to,变成connect A and B的形式。

    词性转换:

    connection n.关系,连接;

    connected adj.有关联的:

    be (closely) connected with与……(紧密)相关

    中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,完形)

    However, after falling in love with the city. I came to realize that the food is so closely___17___ with its local culture.

    17. A. connected B. covered

    C.compared D. charged

    21. consider

    v. 考虑,认为

    用法小结:

    关联词组:

    consider doing sth.考虑做某事;

    consider sth. as…把某事看作……

    词性转换:

    consideration n.考虑:

    take sth. into consideration=consider sth.考虑某事;

    in consideration of…考虑到……,顾及……

    中考例句:(2019,江苏卷,阅读D)

    In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I don't know why we're even considering it.

    22. continue

    v. 继续

    用法小结:

    ①continue with sth.继续做某事,with后面接名词

    ②continue doing sth.继续做某事,指继续做同一件事

    ③continueto do sth.继续做某事,指一件事做完后,继续做另一件事

    比较:After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued to do my homework.

    (喝咖啡之前我是在做别的事而不是做作业)

    After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing my homework.

    (喝咖啡之前我在做作业但没做完,喝完以后继续做)同义词:

    continue=go on

    中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,完形)

    She tried to finish the song, but the audience (观众) began to whistle and got angry. Mrs. Chaplin could not continue any longer and walked ___7___ the stage crying.

    7.A. onto B.off C. towards D. around

    23. correct

    v. 纠正,改正;adj. 正确的,对的

    用法小结:

    同义词:right adj.正确的,对的

    反义词:wrong adj.错误的;

    incorrect adj.不正确的

    词性转换:

    correctly adv.错误地;

    correctness n.正确性;

    correction n.纠正

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)Many people believe smart machines are necessarilycorrect and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.

    24. cost

    v. 花费,值(多少钱); n. 价格

    词形变化:过去式cost,过去分词cost

    用法小结:

    关联词组:

    at the cost of 以……为代价;

    at all costs 不惜任何代价;

    at any cost 无论如何

    动词用法:表示“花费”的三个动词spend、cost和take的区别:

    ①spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱,精力,时间等,其后接on(for)+名词或用in(可省)+动名词;

    ②cost可用于表示花时间和金钱,其主语一般是“物”或“事”,表示“花费”、“耗费”;

    ③take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或某物。句式是:

    It takessb. some time to do sth.=

    Sth. takes sb. some time.

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

    Roy works in London. It _______him about half an hour to get to work by busevery day.

    A. costs B. spends C. takes

    25. create

    v. 创造,创作;造成 ,产生

    用法小结:

    同义词:produce,make

    词性转换:

    creation n.创造,创作;产物,作品;

    creative adj.创新的,有创造性的:

    creative power创造力;

    creative thinking创新思维

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

    capital

    Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _______each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.

    A. is created B.was created C. creates

    26. culture

    n. 文化,文明

    关联词组:

    traditional culture传统文化;

    western culture西方文化;

    local culture本土文化;

    popular culture流行文化,大众文化;

    词性转换:

    cultural adj.文化的,文化上的

    中考例句:(2019,浙江卷,词汇填空)

    More and more people have realized the importance ofspreading our _____________(传统的) culture.

    27. cut

    v. 切,剪,削,割;

    n. 切,割;伤口;理发

    用法小结:

    词形变化:过去式cut,过去分词cut,现在分词cutting

    动词词组:

    cut off切断,中断;

    cut down砍到;削减;

    cut in插嘴,插入;

    cut up切碎

    名词词组:power cut停电,供电中断

    关联单词:

    shortcut n.捷径;

    haircut n.理发;发型

    中考例句:(2019,山东卷,词形转换)

    Have you ever cut your finger on the edge (边缘) of a book page? The small cut on your finger is so_____________. (pain)

    声明:整理自网络!

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