experience是什么意思(提示词类(词性转换、非谓语)语法填空解题例析)
提示词类(词性转换、非谓语)语法填空解题例析
下面，将与同学们一起探讨语法填空中有提示词类的考查(词形转换、非谓语动词、动词时态及语态、形容词或副词比较级)。了解考查项目在句中的语法功能是做这类试题的关键。
1.考查词形转换
近几年来，词形转换大多是形容词变副词，其他是名词变形容词、动词变名词、动词变形容词。
[例1] He must be 20 (mental) disabled.
解析：mentally。副词mentally用来修饰后面的形容词disabled，mentally disabled意为“智障”。
[例2] His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
解析：warmly。warmly用来修饰前面的动词smiled。
[例3] We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.
解析：merrily。merrily用来修饰前面的动词talked。
[例4] One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day.
解析：later。late作副词时，意为“迟，晚”。根据句子逻辑含义可知句意：那天我早些离开了(音乐节)是因为随后我有个约会。later意为“随后，后来”。
[例5] This pr
overb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course.
解析：natural。此处填形容词natural修饰course。
[例6] But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
解析：choice。此处填名词choice作宾语从句的主语。
[例7] Mary felt 18 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
解析：pleased。由于主语是人，故此处用pleased。
[例8] “That would be a very 19 (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
解析：reasonable。此处填形容词reasonable修饰thing。
[例9] “But such a small thing couldn’t 23 (possible) destroy a village.”
解析：possibly。possibly用来修饰后面的动词destroy。
2.考查非谓语动词
这类考查包括对动词不定式
、现在分词、过去分词的考查。
(1) 考查现在分词
[例1] He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful.
解析：saying。由于say这一动作是由主语He发出的，故填现在分词。saying在句中作伴随状语。
[例2] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front.
解析：sitting/sit。根据固定用法notice sb. do/doing sth.可知，此处应填sitting或者sit。
[例3] He suddenly appeared in class one day, 16 (wear) sun glasses.
解析：wearing。wear这一动作是由主语He发出的，故此处填现在分词。wearing在句中作伴随状语。
[例4] “In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
解析：thinking。think这一动作是由主语everyone发出的，故此处填现在分词，thinking在句中作伴随状语。
(2) 考查过去分词
[例] While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.
解析：settled。get sb. settled“把某人安顿好”。
(3) 考查不定式
[例1] For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
解析：to help。不定式作目的状语。
[例2] She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
解析：to please。主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词(difficult, easy, hard, etc.)+动词不定式(用主动形式表被动含义)。
【跟踪训
练】
1. Everything seemed to be going (smooth) for the first two days after I moved to New York.
2. Harry is feeling (comfort). He must have drunk too much at the party last night.
3. This is by far the most (inspire) movie that I have ever seen.
4. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more (meaning) things to do.
5. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high (expect) from others is essential to their development.
6. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer will create many economic (possible) around the world.
7. Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their (nature) desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
8. (tradition), college students hold a graduation ceremon
y to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.
9. David is (allergy) to animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
10. The famous (music), as well as his students, was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
11. The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of (visit) every day, especially during national holidays.
12. A society
cannot be (success) if it throws tradition away.
13. I stayed up late (write) a report last night.
14. Not knowing which university (attend), the girl asked her teacher for advice.
15. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
16. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail
(wait) for her.
17. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all word
s (use) in daily conversations.
18. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
19. (recycle) is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.
20. The sun began to rise in the sky, (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
21. You cannot accept an opinion (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
22. Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it (memorize).
23. Lionel Messi, (set) the record for the most goals in a year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
24. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
2
5. (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
26. (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
28. Would you mind (answer) some questions on shopping habits?
参考答案及解析：
1. smoothly。此处填副词smoothly修饰be going，意为“顺利地”。
2. uncomfortable。根据句意可知，此处需用一个形容词，表“
不舒服的”，填uncomfortable。
3. inspiring。此处填形容词inspiring修饰movie，表“鼓舞人心的”。
4. meaningful。根据句意可知，此处填形容词meaningful修饰things。
5. expectation(s)。根据句意可知，此处需填名词expectation(s)，表“期望”。
6. possibilities。根据many一词可知，此处需填一个名词复数形式表“可能的事”，填possibilities。
7. natural。此处填形容词natural修饰名词desire。
8. Traditionally。根据句子结构可知，此处需填一个放在句首的副词。
9. allergic。此处填形容词allergic，be allergic to…意为“对……过敏”。
10. musician。根据his students及后面的谓语动词was invited可知，此处需要一个名词表身份或职业，填musician。
11. visitors。根据句意可知，此处填名词复数visitors，表“游客”。
12. successful。此处填形容词successful作表语。
13. writing。由于write这一动作是由主语I发出的，故此处填现在分词。
14. to attend。此处是“疑问代词which + to + 动词原型”作宾语的用法。
15. to be completed。根据next year 和will可知，这个机场还未竣工，又因为complete和airport是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填to be completed。
16. waiting。 there be sth. doing为固定结构，表示“有某物正处于某状态”。
17. used。动词use和all words是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填过去分词。
18. telling。tell这一动作是由主语my mother发出的，故此处填现在分词。
19. Recycling。此处
填动名词Recycling作句子的主语。
20. bathing。bathe这一动作是由主语The sun发出的，故此处填现在分词。
21. offered。由于offer和an opinion是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处填过去分词。
22. memorized。此处是have sth. done的固定结构。
23. havi
ng set。set这一动作发生在is considered之前，所以用完成时态。由于set这一动作由主语Lionel Messi发出，故填having set。
24. being reduced。
此处填being reduced，与and前的suffering构成并列关系，一起作after的介词宾语；又因为reduce与主语the city是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。
25. Founded。foun
d这一动作和主语the school是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词。
26. Knowing。此处填动名词，作句子
27. tested。此处是“连词 once+过去分词”的结构（由于是被检测，因此用过去分词），在句中作状语。
28. answering。此处是mind doing sth.的固定表达，故填answering。
